Molecular Formula | C17H32O10 |
Molar Mass | 396.42998 |
Melting Point | 483 °C (decomp) |
Specific Rotation(α) | 198 º |
Water Solubility | Soluble in water, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol and glycerol. |
Solubility | Water Soluble |
Appearance | White to light yellow powder |
Color | White to slightly off-white |
Merck | 14,2948 |
PH | 2 - 10 |
Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
Stability | Stable. Keep dry. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
Refractive Index | 185 ° (C=6, H2O) |
Physical and Chemical Properties | Iron dextran injection is a dark brown colloidal solution. The iron dextran solid is a dark brown amorphous powder. Odorless, astringent. There is hygroscopicity in the air. Easily soluble in water, the solution is a dark brown colloidal solution, pH5.2-6.5, insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol. Iron dextran injection is a complex of iron and dextran. After intramuscular injection, part of the iron is swallowed by macrophages and transferred to fibroblasts, and the rest of the iron is slowly removed from the injected part (50% removed at 72h) and transferred to plasma through lymph. It can still be found in the blood 3 weeks after injection. Iron is mainly stored in the reticuloendothelial cells of the liver and spleen and is slowly released for hemoglobin synthesis. This absorption pathway is not controlled by the gastrointestinal tract, so the recovery of stored iron is faster and complete. However, hemoglobin is still rising at the same rate as oral preparations, averaging about 0.15g per day. It is effective for iron deficiency anemia. |
Risk Codes | R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
Safety Description | S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
WGK Germany | 2 |
RTECS | HH9230000 |
FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 39139000 |
Toxicity | LD50 oral in rat: > 3gm/kg |
EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
What is glucan | glucan (glucan), it is found in the mucus secreted by some microorganisms during the growth process, which is divided into α-glucan and β-glucan, later, Dr. Diluzio of the University of Tulun isolated the resistant substance in baker's yeast and identified it as β-glucan. Β-glucan is widely found in yeast, mushrooms, oats and barley and other foods, of which β- 1,3 / 1,6 exists in yeast and mushroom glucan, and β- 1, 3/1, 4 is present in oat and barley glucans. Beta-glucan is different from common sugars (such as starch, glycogen, dextrin, etc.), the main difference is that the Bond connection is not the same, the molecular structure of common sugars is alpha -1,4-glycosidic bond, in contrast, β-glucan is mainly composed of β-1, 3-glycosidic bonds and contains some β-1, 6-glycosidic bonds. Β-glucan has a spiral-shaped molecular structure due to its special Bond connection and the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. This unique configuration is easily accepted by the immune system. |
History of dextran | in the twentieth century, for the first time, Dr. Pillemer has discovered and reported that a substance in the cell wall of yeast has an immune-boosting effect. Later, after further research by Dr. Diluzio of the University of Tulun, it was found that the substance that improves the immunity of the yeast cell wall is a kind of polysaccharide-beta-glucan, which is isolated from baker's yeast. |
pharmacological action | the average molecular weight of dextran is about 7000, which is similar to human albumin and can improve plasma colloid osmotic pressure, absorb the water outside the blood vessel to supplement blood volume, so as to maintain blood pressure; Can make the aggregation of red blood cells and platelets, reduce blood viscosity, thereby improving microcirculation and tissue perfusion, prevent intravascular coagulation in the late Shock; Can inhibit the activation of coagulation factor II, so that the activity of coagulation factor I and coagulation factor VIII decreased, which and its antiplatelet effect can prevent thrombosis. The blood volume expansion effect and antithrombotic effect of dextran were stronger than that of dextran -40. |
Use | anti-anemia drug. For iron deficiency anemia. Adverse reactions and contraindications after injection of this product hemoglobin did not gradually increase, should be discontinued. Liver, renal insufficiency should not be used. blood volume supplement. Adverse reactions and contraindications occasional allergic reactions. Congestive heart failure and hemorrhagic disease patients disabled, heart, liver, renal insufficiency with caution. Middle molecular dextran is mainly used to increase plasma volume and maintain blood pressure, and is mainly used in anti Shock. It is suitable for supplementing blood volume and maintaining blood pressure when there is a large amount of blood loss. Such as burns, trauma, trauma and other hemorrhagic and due to excessive blood loss caused by the body grams of first aid. Low molecular dextran, mainly to improve microcirculation, for the prevention or elimination of intravascular red blood cell aggregation and thrombosis. The action and use of small molecule dextran is similar to that of low molecular dextran. Biochemical Study |
production method | sucrose was used as culture medium, which was obtained by fermentation and purification of Leuconostoc sp. microbial fermentation method for strain breeding of intestinal membrane-like Leuconostoc (Leuconostoc mesetoides). Preparation of medium: according to the ratio of mass/volume, sucrose 10%, peptone 0.25%, disodium hydrogen phosphate 0.08%, add water to 100%, boil and dissolve, filter paper, take 3ml of filtrate into a test tube, plug with gauze cotton, place into the grid, sterilize under pressure at 117.72kPa(1.2kgf/cm2) 120 ℃ for 30min, cool, and put into an incubator to obtain clear and transparent liquid medium for inoculation. According to the above liquid medium ratio, add 1.5%-2% agar, boil and dissolve, Take 5ml sub-packed in a test tube, plug with gauze cotton, 117.72 kPa (1.2kgf/cm2), pressure sterilization 30min, cooling, that is, the solid medium. Purification and culture of the strain 5 solid medium were taken, heated and melted, and then incubated in a water bath at 50-60 ℃, and numbered respectively. Select the culture tube in the sterile cabinet, dip one ear with platinum ear and inoculate it in No. 1 test tube with solid medium, shake well, then dip the No. 1 test tube and inoculate it in No. 2 test tube, shake well and inoculate to No. 5 test tube successively. Then pour it into the Petri dish of the corresponding number by tube while hot (about 50 ° C), level it, cool it, and place it in an incubator, and incubate it at 25 ° C for 24 hours, regular edges, slightly convex in middle, transparent, sticky colony. In the No. 3-5 petri dish selection of bacteria, the normal number of colonies should be 5-20 shall prevail. Circle the outer wall of the Petri dish with crayons, and select typical colonies (with obvious characteristics and appropriate size). The colonies delineated by Platinum ear dipping were inoculated in a tube containing liquid medium in a sterile cabinet and incubated at 25 ° C. For 24 hours. After 2-3 generations, the small sample fermentation, hydrolysis, division and other tests are carried out, and the strains with high yield, good composition and high yield are selected, and the refrigerator is kept at 2-4 ℃ for expanded production and use. Intestinal membrane-like Leuconostoc [culture medium] →[25 ℃,24h] colony seed culture liquid culture medium 400ml (medium bottle) and 4000ml (large bottle), one strain test tube (3ml) inoculation was carried out in a medium bottle, and about 100ml of the seed solution cultured in the medium bottle was inoculated in a large bottle. At 25 ℃ 20-24H, end pH3.8-4.3, good fermentation can be used for production. Colony [liquid medium] →[25 ℃, 20-24h] Seed culture solution fermentation, precipitation according to sucrose 15%, peptone 0.25%, disodium hydrogen phosphate 0.15%, add normal water to 100%, the fermentation culture medium is prepared in the fermentor, the inoculation amount is 2.5%, the stirring is 10-15min, the control is pH7-7.4,25 ℃ or so, the fermentation is 20-24H, the final fermentation liquid pH is 4.2-5, reaches the end point. 85%± 5% ethanol was added to precipitate, and the precipitate was washed with 60%-70% ethanol to obtain crude high molecular weight dextran for hydrolysis in 85% yield. Seed culture medium [fermentation medium] →[25 ℃,20-24H, pH7-7.4] fermentation broth [85% ethanol, 60%-70% ethanol] →[pH4.2-5] high molecular weight dextran crude product hydrolysis, neutralization, purification the crude polymer Dextran was heated and dissolved with distilled water, calculated according to the mass of the hydrolysate, 0.1% hydrochloric acid was added, kept at 95-100 ℃, hydrolyzed, and diluted with distilled water to a concentration of 11%, control the end viscosity of 2.7-2.9, with 6mol/L NaOH slowly neutralized to pH6-6.5, add anhydrous calcium chloride 2.4g/L (0.24%), finally, 8g/L (766) of type 0.8% coarse-grained activated carbon was added, decolorized with stirring, and filtered to obtain a Hydrolysate for division. The crude product [HCl, NaOH, CaCl 2, 766 activated carbon] →[95-100 ℃, pH6-6.5] is divided into the first-order division and the hydrolysis solution is added with ethanol to make the concentration of 40%-40.5%, after keeping the temperature at 40 ℃ for 22h, the supernatant was collected and divided into two stages. The precipitates were impurities and macromolecular dextran. The supernatant after two stage Division and one stage Division was added with ethanol to make its concentration reach 45%-45.5%, stirred for 15min, kept at 40 ℃ for 22h, and the precipitate was medium molecular dextran. The supernatant after three-stage Division and two-stage Division was added with ethanol to make its concentration up to 48%-48.5%, stirred for 15min, kept at 40 ℃ for 22h, and precipitated as low molecular dextran. Four levels of three levels of the supernatant after the division of the ethanol, the concentration of 55.5% a 56.5%, stirring 15min, room temperature static 6h, precipitation of small molecular dextran. The obtained Dextran was divided by drying, dehydrated by blending powder with more than 90% ethanol and removing impurities, and made into loose alcohol-containing powder, which was centrifuged and dried to obtain dextran finished product with an overall yield of 60%. Dextran finished product [more than 90% ethanol] → powder containing alcohol [centrifuge, dry] → preparation of dextran finished injection the finished dextran and glucose or sodium chloride respectively are prepared into sterilized aqueous solution as required for injection. Dextrose finished product [glucose, water] → glucose injection dextran finished product [sodium chloride, water] → [sterile] Sodium chloride injection. raw material treatment the Dextran was used to separate the liquid, and the relative molecular mass of 5000-7500 was recovered as raw material. Decolorizing and mixing about 300ml of water was added to the container, and after heating and boiling, 100g of dextran was added and stirred until all of them were dissolved, and additional water was added to prepare 100g/L. Add 30g/L(3%) activated carbon according to the mass ratio of dextran, stir, boil for 15-30 min, filter with No. 3 vertical melting funnel to obtain clear filtrate, and let it cool to room temperature. Take the filtrate to a suitable container, add 65% g/L () ferric chloride solution with stirring, and stir well to obtain a mixture. Dextrose [distilled water, activated carbon] → [boiling] filtrate [FeCl3]→ The mixed solution was catalyzed by 701 × glass ion exchange column, loaded with styrene type weak basic anion exchange resin, with 100g/L (10%)NaOH as regenerant, the resin is converted into anion OH-type, the effluent is pH7-8, no chloride, and the specific resistance is above 50 kΩ/cm, which is used for catalytic reaction. The water level in the regenerated resin column is placed at the interface of the resin, and the mixture is poured into the dynamic catalytic reaction. It is advisable to control the outflow rate at 15ml/min. When the deep red iron dextran flows out, immediately take a sample to check the pH value, chloride and specific resistance, the pH should be above 8, Chloride should be negative, specific resistance above 2 kΩ/cm, collected after passing. When the mixed solution drops to the interface of the resin, it starts to be eluted with water, and the inlet velocity is controlled at the same as the outflow velocity, and the effluent can generally be collected at 2-3L. Mixed Liquor [701 resin column] → effluent (Iron Dextran) concentrate the above effluent for concentration under reduced pressure, temperature between 45-65 ℃, stop distillation when 1L, take sample to measure iron content and adjust iron content as appropriate, make it to 2.5%. Effluent [40-65 ℃, reduced pressure] → concentrated liquid preparation the prepared solution is filtered through No. 3 or No. 4 vertical melting glass funnel, operated according to sterilized preparation, subpackaged, sealed, 112 ℃,30min sterilization, that is, iron dextran injection products. Concentrated solution [112 ℃,30min]→ Iron Dextran Injection product. |